Evaluation of macular microvasculature alterations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm2)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm2), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm2)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm2; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.

Observation of vortex venous anastomosis in central serous chorioretinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the anastomotic status of the vortex veins in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:A cross-sectional study of clinical practice. From July 2021 to July 2022, 50 cases (50 eyes) of monocular CSC patients diagnosed through ophthalmic examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. Among them, there were 37 males (74.0%, 37/50) and 13 females (26.0%, 13/50), with the mean age of (44.30±9.59) years old. The course of disease from the onset of symptoms to the time of treatment was less than 3 months. The affected eye and contralateral eye of CSC patients were divided into the affected eye group and contralateral eye group, respectively. Fifty healthy volunteers of the same age and gender were selected as the normal control group with 50 eyes. The macular area scanning source optical coherence tomography (OCT) vascular imaging examination was performed with Visual Microimaging (Henan) Technology Co., Ltd. VG200D. Horizontal watershed vortex veins anastomosis rate and asymmetric vortex-venous dilation rate were observed by en face OCT. The device comes with software to calculate the central foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), mean choroidal thickness (MCT), and choroidal vascular index (CVI). One-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to compare the three groups. When variances were unequal between groups, nonparametric tests were performed. Results:The SFCT values of the affected eye group, contralateral eye group, and normal control group were (567.12±129.02), (513.26±133.17), (327.64±97.40) μm, respectively; MCT were (407.38±97.54), (388.24±94.13), (275.46±60.55) μm, respectively; CVI were 0.34±0.05, 0.32±0.04, and 0.27±0.04, respectively; anastomosis rates of vortex veins were 98% (49/50), 78% (39/50), and 40% (20/50), respectively; asymmetric dilation rates of vortex veins were 96% (48/50), 88% (44/50), and 48% (24/50), respectively. The differences of SFCT ( F=53.974), MCT ( Z=51.415), CVI ( F=28.082), vortex vein anastomosis rate ( χ2=43.056), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins ( χ2=37.728) among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Compared with the contralateral eye group, the SFCT, MCT, CVI, vortex vein anastomosis rate, and vortex vein asymmetric dilation rate in the affected eye group were significantly higher than those in the contralateral eye group. Among them, the differences of SFCT ( t=2.054), CVI ( t=2.211), and vortex vein anastomosis rate ( χ2=9.470) were statistically significant ( P<0.05); the differences of MCT ( Z=7.490), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins ( χ2=2.714) were not statistically significant ( P=1.000, 0.140). Conclusions:SFCT, MCT, and CVI in the affected and contralateral eyes of monocular CSC patients significantly increase. The anastomotic rate and asymmetric dilation rate of the vortex vein in the opposite eye were lower than those in the affected eye.

Changes of choroidal biomarkers in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the changes of choroidal biomarkers in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and preliminarily explore its pathogenesis.Methods:Clinical cross-sectional study. From July 2021 to December 2022, 74 eyes of 65 patients with CSC (CSC group) confirmed by ophthalmic examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. Among them, 46 patients (51 eyes) were male, 19 patients (23 eyes) were female. The duration from the onset of symptoms to the time of treatment was less than or equal to 3 months. A control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers (74 eyes) matched in age and gender. Among them, 26 patients (50 eyes) were male, and 14 patients (24 eyes) were female. Using VG200D from Microimaging (Henan) Technology Co., Ltd., macular scanning source light coherence tomography angiography was performed, with scanning range 6 mm × 6 mm. According to the division of the diabetes retinopathy treatment research group, the choroid within 6 mm of the macular fovea was divided into three concentric circles centered on the macular fovea, namely, the central area with a diameter of 1 mm, the macular area with a diameter of 1-3 mm, and the surrounding area of the fovea with a diameter of 3-6 mm. The device comes with software to record the three-dimensional choroidal vascular index (CVI), choroidal vascular volume (CVV), perfusion area of the choroidal capillary layer (CFA), choroidal thickness (CT), and three-dimensional CVI, CVV, and CT in the upper, temporal, lower, and subnasal quadrants within 6 mm of the fovea. Quantitative data between the two groups were compared using an independent sample t-test. Qualitative data comparison line χ2 inspection. The value of receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis in predicting the occurrence of CSC, including CVI, CVV, CFA, and CT. Results:Compared with the control group, the CVI ( t=3.133, 4.814), CVV ( t=7.504, 9.248), and CT ( t=10.557, 10.760) in the central and macular regions of the affected eyes in the CSC group significantly increased, while the CFA ( t=-8.206, -5.065) significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); CVI ( t=7.129), CVV ( t=10.020), and CT ( t=10.488) significantly increased within 6 mm of the central fovea, while CFA ( t=-2.548) significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The CVI ( t=4.980, 4.201, 4.716, 8.491), CVV ( t=9.014, 7.156, 7.719, 10.730), and CT ( t=10.077, 8.700, 8.960, 11.704) in the upper, temporal, lower, and lower nasal quadrants within 6 mm of the central fovea were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). In the CSC group, the maximum CVI and CVV were (0.39±0.10)% and (1.09±0.42) mm 3, respectively, on the nasal side of the affected eye. Upper CT was (476.02±100.89) μm. The nasal side CVI, CVV, and CT have the largest changes. The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of CT, CVV, and CVI within 6 mm of the central region, macular region, and fovea was over than 0.5. Subcentral CT was the most specific for the diagnosis of CSC. Conclusion:Choroidal biomarkers CVI, CVV, and CT in CSC patients increase, while CFA decreases. Central CT is the most specific for the diagnosis of CSC.

A new method of arterial stiffness measurement in pseudoexfoliation syndrome: cardio-ankle vascular index / Um novo método para medição da rigidez arterial na síndrome de pseudoesfoliação: índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate whether pseudoexfoliation syndrome affects arterial stiffness by using cardio-ankle vascular index measurement. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included 55 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 106 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic exa mination of both eyes and cardio-ankle vascular index measu rements. Echocardiographic and body mass index measurements were performed in all patients, and the results were recorded. A binary regression model was used to determine the relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and pseudoexfoliation. Results: There were no significant differences between the pseudoexfoliation and control groups in baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, and body mass index. The mean cardio-ankle vascular index value was significantly higher in the pseudoexfoliation group than in the controls (9.47 ± 1.23 vs. 8.33 ± 1.50, p<0.001). Intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the pseudoexfoliation group than in the controls (18.31 ± 1.78 vs. 15.24 ± 2.42 mm Hg, p<0.05). Although the logistic regression analysis showed that mean cardio-ankle vascular index and IOP values were positively associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Odds ratios (OR) = 1.973, 95% CI, 1.051-3.706, p=0.035; OR=3.322, 95% CI = 2.000-5.520, p<0.001, respectively), the Pearson correlation analysis revealed a borderline significant positive correlation between age and mean cardio-ankle vascular index and a significant positive correlation between dyslipidemia and intraocular pressure and mean cardio-ankle vascular index (r=0.265, p=0.050; r=0.337, p=0.012; r=0.433, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that cardio-ankle vascular index values increased in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se a síndrome de pseudoesfoliação afeta a rigidez arterial, usando a medição do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo. Métodos: Este estudo transversal caso-controle incluiu 55 pacientes com síndrome de pseudoesfoliação e 106 controles saudáveis, pareados por idade e gênero. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo de ambos os olhos e à medição do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo. Medidas ecocardiográficas e do índice de massa corporal também foram feitas em todos os pacientes, e os resultados foram registrados. Usou-se um modelo de regressão binária para avaliar uma possível relação entre o índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo e a pseudoesfoliação. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com pseudoesfoliação e de controle em relação às características clínicas e demográficas basais, às medidas ecocardiográficas da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo e ao índice de massa corporal. Os valores médios do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo foram significativamente maiores no grupo com pseudoesfoliação do que no de controle (9,47 ± 1,23 contra 8,33 ± 1,50, p<0,001). Os valores da pressão intraocular no grupo com pseudoesfoliação excederam significativamente os do grupo de controle (18,31 ± 1,78 mmHg contra 15.24 ± 2.42 mmHg, p<0.05). A análise de regressão logística demonstrou uma associação positiva das médias do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo e da pressão intraocular com a síndrome de pseudoesfoliação (respectivamente, OR=1,973, IC 95%: 1,051-3,706, p=0,035 e OR=3,322, IC 95%: 2,000-5,520, p<0,001). Já a análise de correlação de Pearson revelou uma correlação positiva de significância limítrofe entre a idade e a média do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo, e uma correlação positiva significativa entre a dislipidemia, a pressão intraocular e a média do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo (respectivamente, r=0,265, p=0,050; r=0,337, p=0,012; e r=0,433, p=0,001). Conclusão: Nossos achados demonstraram que os valores do índice vascular cardíaco-tornozelo se encontram aumentados em pacientes com síndrome de pseudoesfoliação.

Choroidal vascularity index changes with phacovitrectomy for vitreoretinal interface disorders

Purpose: Vitreomacular interface disorders have long been argued to change choroidal structure. The aim of this study was to determine the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) changes following internal limiting membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM) and full thickness macular hole (FTMH). Methods: Fifty-nine patients with unilateral ERM and 56 with unilateral FTMH were included in the study. Axial length, pre- and post-surgery intraocular pressure, baseline and post-phacovitrectomy CVI were calculated and compared with the normal fellow eyes. To compare the baseline and the final measurements, Wilcoxon test was used. Mann–Whitney U test was used for independent data comparisons. Median and standard deviations were compared. Results: Axial length, pre- and post-surgery intraocular pressure differences were insignificant between study and fellow eyes within all groups. CVI were significantly lower in post-vitrectomy study eyes of all groups compared with pre-surgery (P < 0.001). There were no significant changes before and after the surgeries in fellow eyes. Baseline CVI of ERM study eyes (median 65.90%) and FTHM study eyes (median 65.59%) did not differ significantly between groups (U = 1336, P = 0.07, r = 0.16). Conclusion: There are conflicting results of vitreoretinal interface disorders CVI in the literature. In this study, both FTMH and ERM eyes showed reduced CVI postoperatively compared with the baseline. Preoperatively, there were no difference between study eyes and the fellow eyes.

Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship and prognostic significance of cardio-ankle vascular index, which is a measure of arterial stiffness that can lead to endothelial dysfunction and poor cardiovascular issues in COVID-19 patients, with COVID-19. METHODS: The study included 115 patients, of which 65 patients in the case group with Real time reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction test positive and diagnosed for COVID-19 and 50 volunteers in the control group. Patients with COVID-19 were classified as moderate/severe or mild COVID-19 in the subgroup analysis based on the severity of the disease. We investigated the relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 by using the VaSera VS-1000 device to automatically measure each patient's cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle-brachial pressure index. RESULTS: The mean age of participants included in the study was 65.7±10.7 years. Patients and volunteers were statistically similar in terms of age, gender, comorbidities, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and body mass index values (p>0.05). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.6±2.4 in the case group and 8.5±1.1 in the control group (p=0.004). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.4±2.7 in the case group and 8.5±1.2 in the control group (p=0.01). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.8±3.4 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.8±0.9 in the mild disease group (p=0.008). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.7±3.6 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.5±1.5 in the mild disease group (p<0.001). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients in our study. When receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to distinguish moderate/severe COVID-19 patients from mild patients, right-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.757 (0.630-0.884), and left-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.782 (0.661-0.902). CONCLUSION: The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values increased in COVID-19 patients in our study, and this was thought to be prognostically significant.

Superb microvascular imaging to monitor hemodynamic changes in lower limb arteries in treatment of diabetic foot by tibial transverse transport / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate superb microvascular imaging used to monitor the hemodynamic changes in lower limb arteries in the treatment of diabetic foot by tibial transverse transport.Methods:From December 2019 to December 2021, 17 patients with diabetic foot were treated by tibial transverse transport at Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Superb microvascular imaging was used to observe the vascular index of the first dorsal metatarsal artery, the total blood flow of the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery, and the Wagner classification in the patients before surgery, one week and one month after surgery. Complications were documented.Results:After treatment, neovascularization was observed in all the 17 patients and detected on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the surgery. At the last follow-up, the number of newborn collaterals was 7.0 (3.5, 9.0), significantly larger than that before surgery [1.0 (0, 1.5)] ( P<0.05). The vascular index of the first dorsal metatarsal artery at one week (9.70±10.88) and one month (9.22±5.46) after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery (5.65±4.36) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total blood flow between the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery before surgery, one week or one month after surgery ( P>0.05). The Wagner classification at one month after surgery (grade 1 in 4, grade 2 in 11 and grade 3 in 2) was significantly better than that before surgery (grade 2 in one, grade 3 in 2 and grade 4 in 14) and one week after surgery (grade 2 in one, grade 3 in 5 and grade 1 in 11) ( P<0.05). One patient underwent amputation due to acute lower extremity arterial embolism 2 months after operation, and another patient underwent toe amputation due to blackening of the toes. Conclusion:Superb microvascular imaging is a valuable means of monitoring in tibial transverse transport because it can objectively reflect the hemodynamic changes and microcirculation in lower limb arteries and provide valuable information for prognosis of the condition in the treatment of diabetic foot by tibial transverse transport.

Changes of choroidal thickness and vascular index in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the macular subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and choroidal vascular index(CVI)between the patients with internal carotid artery stenosis(ICAS)but without ocular symptoms and controlled healthy people.<p>METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study. Forty eyes(grouped as ICAS group)from 40 ICAS patients and 40 eyes(grouped as control group)from 20 matched healthy people were included in this study. All included eyes were received OCT scanning to measure the SFCT. And OCT images were binarized with Image J software to measure CVI values. These values were compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: SFCT of ICAS group and control group were 208±66μm and 234±77μm respectively, with no statistical difference between the two groups(<i>P</i>=0.27). The CVI of ICAS group(64.5%±1.7%)was significantly lower compared with that of control group's(66.1%±2.7%)(<i>P</i>=0.04). The area under the curve(AUC)of CVI in the ROC curve was 0.76 <i>(P</i>=0.005), while the AUC of SFCT was 0.58(<i>P</i>=0.41). <p>CONCLUSION: It is suggested that compared with the detection of SFCT, the detection of CVI is more helpful to the early discovering of the changes of choroidal circulation in this kind of patients.

Exploring the relationship between blood glucose and arteriosclerosis based on propensity score matching / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective : To explore the relationship between blood glucose and arteriosclerosis with cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) as the indicator of arteriosclerosis. Methods ¡¤ From 2016 to 2018, a total of 8 547 participants aged 18 years and above who completed physical examinations in the Physical Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected to collect CAVI and other relevant biochemical indicators. Based on fast blood glucose (FBG) and history of diabetes, the subjects were divided into normal blood glucose group and hyperglycemia group. The 1:1 propensity score matching was used to match the gender, age, blood pressure, blood li-pids, and body mass index to balance the covariates between the groups. The matched data were analyzed by Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) to explore the relationship and the dose-effect relationship between FBG and CAVI. Results ¡¤ A total of 1 463 pairs com-pleted propensity score matching, and the covariates between the two groups were balanced after matching. Logistic regression analysis showed that hyperglycemia was a risk factor of CAVI (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.36-1.95). The RCS curve of FBG and CAVI abnormal risk showed an up-ward trend, i.e., as FBG increased, the risk of CAVI abnormalities increased. Conclusion ¡¤ As the fasting blood glucose increases, the risk of arteriosclerosis also increases.

The value of superb microvascular imaging in evaluating the renal function of transplanted kidney / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of vascular index(VI) in renal functionevaluation after renal transplantation by superb microvascular imaging(SMI).Methods Ultrasound and clinical data of 115 renal transplant recipients were collected:32 cases had good recovery of renal function after surgery(group A);35 cases of abnormal renal function caused by diseases or unexplained fluctuations in Scr,but the renal function was normal during the follow-up(group B);48 cases with abnormal renal function,Scr increased continuously(group C).The correlation between VI of renal cortex and Scr was analysed. Results The VI of renal cortex in group A,B and C were (33.51 ± 3.26)%,(31.64 ± 4.83)%,(25.58 ± 6.07)%, respectively.There were significant differences between VI in group A and C,and between group B and C (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between group A and B( P > 0.05). There was significant negative correlation between VI of renal cortex and Scr in group C ( rs= -0.90, P < 0.01), there was no significant correlation between RI in the interlobular artery of kidney and Scr( rs= -0.22, P > 0.05).Conclusions When renal function is normal,VI is maintained at a high level.When renal function declines,VI decreases.VI can reflect the renal cortex blood flow,indirectly reflect the glomerular filtration function,and provide a reliable indicator for clinical evaluation of renal allograft function.

Study on cardio-ankle vascular index among female residents in high radiation background area in Yangjiang City / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long-term low-dose ionizing radiation exposure on arterial vascular elasticity in female residents. METHODS: A cluster random sampling method was used,95 female residents in 2 regions with high external γ radiation dose rate in the high radiation background area( HBRA) in Yangjiang City were selected as the HBRA group,and 96 female residents from the control area( CA) in Enping City were chosen as the CA group. The height,body mass,waist circumference,hip circumference and blood pressure were measured in individuals of these two groups. The fasting blood samples of elbow vein were collected to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-C),triglycerides( TG) and blood glucose. The cardio-ankle vascular index( CAVI) was measured using the blood pressure and pulse check device. RESULTS: The CAVI of the CA and HBRA groups were( 8. 09 ±1. 03) and( 8. 35 ± 1. 60) m/s,respectively. The abnormal rates of CAVI were 25. 00% and 29. 47%,respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age,HDL-C,LDL-C,TG,hypertension,abnormal glucose metabolism and abdominal obesity,the CAVI adjustment mean values of the CA and HBRA groups were8. 19 and 8. 25 m/s,respectively. The HBRA group was about 0. 73% higher than the CA group,but the difference was not statistically significant( standardized partial regression coefficient = 0. 021,P > 0. 05). After matching age of both groups,the difference of the adjusted mean of CAVI between the two groups was not statistically significant( P > 0. 05).CONCLUSION: Long-term low-dose radiation exposure is not associated with atherosclerosis in female population.

Echobiometrics kidney and renal artery triplex doppler of canine fetuses / Ecobiometria renal e Doppler Triplex da artéria renal de fetos caninos

The aim of this study was to assess the sogographic parameters and biometry of canine fetal kidneys using the B mode, and to determinate the vascular index of the fetal renal arteries using the Doppler Triplex. Twenty four Shi-tzu and Pug, weighting between 4 and 10kg, aging between 4 and 6 years old were evaluated. The B mode, the fetal renal echobiometry and regularity of the renal surface, echotexture and cortex:medular ratio were evaluated during the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks of pregnancy. At the same time point of the B mode evaluation, the Doppler Triplex was carried out to assess the sistolic peak velocity (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), vascular resistive (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). B mode revealed no fetal renal abnormalities and echobiometry showed important measurements during fetal development (P<0.0001). The values of the fetal renal arteries index (PSV and EDV) increased during the course of the pregancy (P<0.05) and remained constant for PI and RI (P>0.05). B mode and Doppler Triplex were important tools for the assessment of fetal renal development, using echobiometry and renal arterial index in canie fetuses...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio da ultrassonografia convencional modo B, as características sonográficas e a biometria dos rins de fetos caninos, bem como determinar os índices vasculares da artéria renal dos conceptos ao Doppler Triplex. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas Shi-tzu e Pugs pesando de quatro a 10 kg e com idade entre quatro e seis anos. Ao modo B, a ecobiometria renal fetal, a regularidade da superfície renal, a ecotextura e a relação córtico-medular foram avaliadas durante a quinta, sexta, sétima e oitava semanas gestacionais. Ao Doppler Triplex, durante o mesmo período em que se realizou o exame convencional, foram determinados o pico de velocidade sistólica (PVS), a velocidade diastólica final (EDV) e o índice de resistência vascular (RI) e de pulsatividade (PI). Ao modo B, não foram detectadas alterações em rins fetais, e à ecobiometria renal dos fetos, foi possível determinar medidas renais importantes, verificando-se aumento das biometrias no decorrer do desenvolvimento fetal (P<0,0001). Ao Doppler Triplex, determinaram-se os índices vasculares da artéria renal fetal, sendo que os valores para PSV e EDV aumentaram no decorrer das semanas gestacionais (P<0,05) e permaneceram constantes para PI e RI (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que o modo B e o Doppler Triplex são ferramentas importantes para a avaliação do desenvolvimento renal fetal, com a utilização da ecobiometria renal e avaliação dos indices vasculares da artéria renal de fetos caninos...

The effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on arterial elasticity in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objectives To examine the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on arterial elasticity in stroke patients to provide clinical evidence for secondary prevention of patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. Methods Total 192 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled and then divided into the EECP (n=107) and control (n=85) group. Auto-matic measurement synchronous atherosclerosis detector was use to measure brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaP-WV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The difference of BaPWV and CAVI were evaluated before, at 36 hours and one month after EECP. Results The BaPWV and CAVI significantly decreased at 36 hours and 1 month after treat-ment in EECP groups compared to either pre-therapy or control groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions EECP can signifi-cantly reduce the BaPWV and CAVI and improve the arterial elasticity in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. Thus, arterial elasticity may be an important index to evaluate the effects of EECP on cerebral ischemic stroke.

The relationship between left ventricular diastolic function and arterial stiffness of diabetes patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular diastolic function and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetes( diabetic group),and 126 non-diabetic patients( control group) were selected from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 in the Beijing Military General Hospital. The clinical features were recorded and free blood glucose (FBG ),blood lipids were measured. Cardio ankle vascular index( CAVI ) was measured by VS-1000 arteriosclerosis detector. Ultrasound heartbeat diagram was used to determine the left ventricular diastolic function indexes including the left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular early diastolicpeak velocity(E),left ventricular diastolic peak velocity(A),E/ A ratio and E peak deceleration time(EDT). Results The level of LAD,A, EDT,CAVI in diabetic patients were(39. 5 ± 5. 3)mm,(76. 6 ± 13. 5)cm/ s,(206. 6 ± 56. 3)ms,(9. 6 ± 1. 1)respectively,higher than those in control group((34. 4 ± 4. 2)mm,(71. 3 ± 13. 4)cm/ s,(185. 5 ± 34. 4)ms,(8. 5 ± 0. 9)). And E,E/ A level in diabetic group were(56. 6 ± 20. 4)cm/ s and(0. 73 ± 0. 21),significantly lower than the control group((67. 5 ± 16. 4)cm/ s and(0. 96 ± 0. 26)). The differences between the two groups were significant(P = 0. 001,0. 004,0. 002,0. 001,0. 001,0. 001). After adjusting the factors including body mass index and triglyceride,CAVI was negatively correlated with E/ A(r = - 0. 339,P< 0. 05))and positively correlated with EDT(r = 0. 314,P < 0. 05). Conclusion The diabetic patients with lower diastolic function and higher arterial stiffness,and the two factors are negatively correlation.

Arterial stiffness of elderly population in ulaanbaatar, Khangai, Baruun regions of Mongolia / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Human aging, the process of arterial stiffness occurs rapidly, which later results in structure change and dysfunction in blood circulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) of elderly population in different regions of Mongolia and compare the result. In accordance with Mongolian nationwide Human Longevity Study, 1114 elderly subjects (male over 60 age, female over 55 age) were examined in Ulaanbaatar city, Baruun, Khangai area. CAVI was calculated automatically from the pulse volume record, blood pressure and the vascular length from heart to the ankle. Cardio-ankle vascular index were evaluated by VaSera VS-1000 (FUKUDA DENSHI, JAPAN). Average decline of CAVI was about 8.88±1.44 in a per decade. CAVI was correlated with age (r=0.415, p<0.01). CAVI was significantly correlated with age, and Ulaanbaatar city’s elderly people arterial stiffness is more changed other areas. Arterial stiffness male elderly people was changed more than female people.

Assessing the cardio-ankle-vascular index, its influnencing factors and framingham heart scores in comparatively healthy 20-40 age adults of Ulaanbaatar city / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundOut of total 209550 cases of cardiovascular diseases in 2011, 66,7% were newly registered cases.Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of mortality in Mongolia; an estimated 6291 peopledied from CVDs in 2011, representing 36.7% of all deaths. It shows that CVD mortality level is higherthan in other countries.Materials and MethodsOur survey is a cross sectional study. We have investigated 600 people of the age of 20-40 whowere randomly selected from 6 urban districts of Ulaanbaatar city. With a permission #4 issued bythe Medical Ethics Control Committee of the Ministry of Health on 25th March 2011, our survey wascarried out between the 1st of July 2011 and the 1st of January 2012 based on the Functional DiagnosticLaboratory, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Biomedicine, Health SciencesUniversity of Mongolia.ResultsThe CAVI was significantly higher (p<0.001) in 30-40 aged adults (6.68, 95% CI 6.58-6.78) than 20-29 aged adults (6.42, 95% CI 6.32-6.52). Also CAVI has a direct correlation with the cholesterol level(p<0.05, R2=0,011). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels were significantly higher (p<0.05)in men than women. Framingham Heart Score was in the normal range in 99.2% of the participantswith 4 cases having the score of 10% or higher representing a risk score.ConclusionsDislipidemia, overweight and obesity in young adults are the main causes of vascular dysfunctionsleading to cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the findings of the study demonstrate that helping youths todevelop healthy lifestyles including healthy eating and physical activities shall play a critical role for theprevention and intervention programs designed for development of healthy behavior and lifestyle fromchildhood, especially for the male population, are vital for fulfillment of this role.

Risk factors and association between cardio-ankle vascular index and carotid atherosclerosis in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国综合临床

ObjectiveTo study the association between cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid atherosclerosis as well as the risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsSixty type2 diabetic patients and 60 non-diabetic patients at the same hospitalization period were selected.The clinical features,laboratory test results such as free blood glucose ( FBG),blood lipids and other biochemical markers were recorded.Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and CAVI were measured.The relationship between CAVI and carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed; a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed between CAVI and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe body mass index,triglycerides,FBG,HbA1 c,IMT,the incidence of carotid artery plaque and CAVI values of diabetic group were significantly higher than that of nondiabetic group.Difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( all P ＜ 0.05 ) ; CAVI and carotid IMT was significantly correlated to each other( r =0.435,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CAVI was significantly correlated to age (β =0.458,P ＜0.01 ),triglycerides (β =0.058,P =0.012),FBG (β =0.168,P =0.002) and HbAlc (β =0.228,P =0.003).ConclusionCAVI inpatients with diabetes was positively correlated with carotid IMT.Age,diabetes,triglycerides,FBG and HbAlc are independent risk factors for arterial stiffness.

Result of the an association between decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease patients / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is well established that in decreased renal function is associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness, so patients with end stage renal disease have a very high risk for cardiovascular events. There have been no reports of the assessment of arterial stiffness in patients at different stages of non diabetic CKD in Mongolia.Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in the CKD patients. Material and Methods. From a hospital-based population, 125 patients with CKD (mean age 40.30±10.82) were recruited. CKD was evaluated by the eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. CAVI was determined as an index of arterial stiffness.Results. The mean CAVI was in CKD level l ( 6.00±0.81, p 0.0001), ll (6.90±0.77, p 0.0001), lll (7.42±0.65, p 0.0001), lV (7.63±1.22, p 0.0001) and V (8.02±1.27, p 0.0001). CAVI was negatively correlated significantly with eGFR (r=-0.596, p 0.0001) and age (r=0.543, p 0.0001). Linear regression analysis indicated that CAVI was correlated significantly with eGFR (β=-0.466, p 0.0001) and age (β=0.373, p 0.0001).Conclusion. Decreased eGFR is associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness, and it could be a strong predictor of risk factor for CVD in CKD patients.

Relationship of leptin-to-adiponectin ratio with cardio ankle vascular index in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin(LEP),adiponectin(ADPN)and leptin-to-adiponectin(L/A)ratio with cardio ankle vascular index(CAVI)in the patients maintaining hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Sixty MHD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of LEP and ADPN were determined by ELISA.Atherosclerosis was evaluated by the cardio ankle vascular index which was measured by using a VaSera VS-1000 machine.Results The levels of serum LEP and ADPN in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls([7.99 ± 1.21]μg/L vs.[4.18 ± 1.10]pg/L)and([15.12 ± 4.68]mg/L vs.[8.58 ± 2.23]mg/L),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].With the progression of atherosclerosis,the levels of serum LEP increased significantly,while the levels of serum ADPN decreased significantly.The L/A ratio was dramatically increased in patients with atherosclerosis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with CAVI include age,diabetes,levels of LEP and L/A ratio.Conclusion The increased serum LEP level and decreased serum ADPN level may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in MHD patients.The L/A ratio may be a powerful independentpredictor for CAVI in MHD patients.

Three-dimensional color Doppler energy in the diagnosis of liver tumors / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To assess three-dimensional color Doppler energy (3D-CDE) in the diagnosis of liver tumors.Methods Vascular pattern of 2D- and 3D-CDE were used to analyze 106 tumors of 96 patients,and their sensitivity and specify were calculated respectively.Three-dimensional volumetric measurement was used to calculate the volume,vessel counts of tumor,as well as the ratio of vessel counts and volume,whereas vascular index (VI) of both benign and malignant lesions were assessed.Results ①Using the vascular pattern of IE as diagnosis standard of liver malignant,the sensitivity and specificity of 2D-CDE and 3D-CDE were 21.33%,100% and 81.33%,100%,respectively) using the vascular pattern of II and Ⅲ,the sensitivity and specificity were 73.33%,67.74% and 100%,45.16%,respectively.②Mean VI was 0.38 counts/cm~3 of malignant tumors and 0.18 counts/cm~3 of 31 benign tumors (P0.30 counts/cm~3.Conclusion The vascular pattern of 3D-CDE HI and VI>0.30 counts/cm~3 may be taken as parameters for the diagnosis of malignant liver tumor.